Effect of taxifolin on oxidative gastric injury induced by celiac artery ligation in rats

Abstract Purpose: To examine the effect of taxifolin on I/R induced gastric injury in rats using biochemical and histopatholohical methods. Methods: Eighteen albino Wistar male rats equally grouped as; gastric I/R (I/R), 50 mg/kg taxifolin + gastric I/R (TAX+ I/R) and sham operation applied (SHAM). Ischemia induced for 1 hour, and reperfusion induced for 3 hours. Results: Oxidant parameters like, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Hydroxyguanine (8-OHdG) were higher, whereas total glutathione (tGSH) was lower in the I/R group according to SHAM group, histopathological findings such as marked destruction, edema, and proliferated dilated congested blood vessels were observed severely in the I/R group, whereas there was not any pathological finding except mild dilated congested blood vessels in the TAX+ I/R group. Conclusion: The taxifolin can be clinically beneficial in the treatment of gastric injury due to I/R procedure.

Comportamiento de la hemorragia digestiva alta en el quinquenio 2009 a 2013 / Behavior of the high digestive bleeding in the five-year period 2009-2013

Introducción: la hemorragia digestiva alta constituye un problema frecuente de salud en el mundo; así se comporta en Cuba, en la provincia Matanzas y en el hospital de estudio. Actualmente es considerada como causa mayor de morbimortalidad. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de la hemorragia digestiva alta en el Hospital Militar de Matanzas. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, en un periodo de cinco años que incluyó a todos los pacientes ingresados con ese diagnóstico, y los que durante su ingreso por otra causa presentaron episodios de hemorragia. El índice de Rockall permitió evaluar la necesidad de cirugía, recidiva y mortalidad. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes pertenecieron al grupo de riesgo intermedio. Los hombres fueron los más afectados, el grupo de tercera edad presentó mayor incidencia. La gastritis hemorrágica fue la primera causa de sangrado. La hipertensión arterial resultó ser el factor de riesgo relevante y el tabaquismo el hábito tóxico más frecuente. Conclusiones: como beneficio relevante se demostró la importancia de la endoscopia precoz para el diagnóstico de la causa, tratamiento y pronóstico de la hemorragia. Se observó una buena correlación entre el pronóstico del paciente al ingreso y su estado al final del tratamiento (AU).

Introduction: the high digestive hemorrhage is a frequent health problem in the world; it behaves the same in Cuba, in the province of Matanzas and in the hospital where the study was carried out. Currently it is considered a major cause of morbi-mortality. Objective: to determine the behavior of the high digestive bleeding in the Military Hospital of Matanzas. Materials and Methods: a descriptive research was carried out in a five-year period. It included all the patients admitted with that diagnosis and those who presented episodes of hemorrhage even if they were admitted by any other cause. The Rockall index allowed to assess the necessity of surgery, the recidivism and mortality. Results: most of the patients belonged to the intermediate risk group. Male patients were the most affected one; the group of elder people showed higher incidence. Hemorrhagic gastritis was the first cause of bleeding. Arterial hypertension was the relevant risk factor and smoking the most frequent toxic habit. Conclusions: as a relevant benefit it was showed the importance of precocious endoscopy for the diagnosis of the hemorrhage cause, treatment and prognosis. It was observed a good correlation between the patient´s prognosis at the admission and his status at the end of the treatment (AU).

Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on fundic gastric mucosal damage induced by acetyl salicylic acid: a histological study

alpha-Lipoic acid [ALA], an endogenous agent, has been shown to combat oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective effect of ALA on fundic gastric mucosal damage induced by acetyl salicylic acid [ASA]. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: group I [the control group], group II that received ALA for 2 weeks [subgroup IIa] and for 4 weeks [subgroup IIb], group III that received ASA for 2 weeks [subgroup IIIa] and for 4 weeks [subgroup IIIb], and group IV that received ALA 30 min before ASA for 2 weeks [subgroup IVa] and for 4 weeks [subgroup IVb]. At the end of the experiment, specimens from the fundus of the stomach were processed for light and electron microscopic examinations. The mean number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]-positive cells, parietal cells, and the mean thickness of the fundic mucosa were measured and the results were statistically analyzed. Examination of sections revealed that ASA for 2 weeks induced widening of the gastric pits and focal mononuclear cellular infiltration. The mucous content of the mucosa was apparently increased and PCNA-positive cells were significantly decreased compared with the control group. ASA for 4 weeks resulted in extensive desquamation, thinning out of the mucosa, and diffuse mononuclear cellular infiltration. The collagen content of the lamina propria showed an apparent increase, whereas the mucous content showed an apparent decrease. The parietal cell count and the PCNA-positive cells were significantly decreased compared with the control group. In ultrathin sections, parietal cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles, decreased intracellular canaliculi, and mitochondria, whereas the chief cells showed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and decreased secretory granules. Concomitant use of ALA showed a histological profile nearly comparable with that of the control group in both subgroups IVa and IVb. ALA administration prevented the structural changes of the gastric mucosa induced by ASA

Feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric and colorectal lesions: Initial experience from the Gastrocentro - Unicamp

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a technique developed in Japan for en bloc resection with a lower rate of recurrence. It is considered technically difficult and performed only in specialized centers. This study sought to report the initial experience from the Gastrocentro - Campinas State University for the treatment of gastric and colorectal lesions by endoscopic submucosal dissection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The guidelines of the Japanese Association of Gastric Cancer were used as evaluative criteria. For colorectal lesions, the recommended standards proposed by Uraoka et al. and Saito et al. were employed. The practicability of the method, the development of complications and histological analysis of the specimens were evaluated. RESULTS: Sixteen patients underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection from June 2010 to April 2011; nine patients were treated for gastric lesions, and seven were treated for colorectal lesions. The average diameter of the gastric lesions was 28.6 mm, and the duration of resection was 103 min without complications. All lesions presented lesion-free margins. Of the seven colorectal tumors, four were located in the rectum and three were located in the colon. The average size was 26 mm, and the average procedure time was 163 min. Two complications occurred during the rectal resection procedures: perforation, which was treated with an endoscopic clip, and controlled bleeding. One of the lesions presented a compromised lateral margin without relapse after 90 days. Depth margins were all free of lesions. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic submucosal dissection at our institution achieved high success rates, with few complications in preliminary procedures. The procedure also made appropriate lesion staging possible.

Influência do refluxo duodenogástrico nas alterações histológicas da mucosa gástrica em ratos infectados por Helicobacter pylori: Modelo experimental / Influence of duodenogastric reflux in histological changes in mice infected by Helicobacter pylori: experimental model

O Helicobacter pylori, é tido como o principal fator de risco para o carcinoma gástrico. Diferentes estudos experimentais em animais procuram relacionar essa carcinogênese a outros fatores carcinógenos sem sucesso. Neste estudo, procurou-se avaliar-se em ratos, se há correlação entre o refluxo duodenogástrico, o Helicobacter pylori e o desenvolvimento do câncer gástrico ou de seus precursores. Para tal, realizou-se nos três grupos de ratos (n de dez por grupo) as técnicas de: piloroplastia precedida de infecção, gastrectomia subtotal precedida de infecção e um grupo no qual foi praticada apenas a infecção. Apois seis meses, analisou-se as alterações da mucosa, comparando-se os três grupos. As alterações da mucosa pesquisadas foram as seguintes: gastrites, metaplasias, displasias e neoplasias epiteliais. Ao término do estudo, foi encontrado, no grupo submetido a piloroplastia precedida de infecção um alto percentual de alterações epiteliais. Conclui-se que, no rato, a operação de piloroplastia, levou ao maior desenvolvimento da população do Helicobacter pylori, que se relaciona com as lesões pré- malignas e o adenocarcinoma gástrico

Helicobacter pylori is considered the main risk factor for gastric carcinoma. Different experimental studies in animals seek to relate this carcinogenesis to other carcinogenic factors without success. This study sought to evaluate in rats, if there was a correlation between duodenogastric reflux, Helicobacter pylori and the development of gastric cancer or its precursors. To this end, it was carried out in three groups of rats the techniques: pyloroplasty, subtotal gastrectomy and only infection. After six months, the changes in mucosa were analyzed comparing the three groups. The mucosal changes reseached were: gastritis, metaplasia, dysplasia and epithelial neoplasms. At the end of the study, was found in the group that underwent pyloroplasty a high percentage of epithelial alterations and these correlated with the population of Helicobacter pylori. It is concluded that in the rat, the operation of pyloroplasty led to increased colonization of the population of Helicobacter pylori and is related with the development of benign lesions and gastric cancer

Efecto secuestrador del D-002 sobre radicales hidroxilo en mucosa gástrica / Scavenger effect of D-002 on hydroxyl radicals in the gastric mucosa

Introducción: el agente causal de la ulceración gástrica está asociado al desequilibrio entre factores agresivos y defensivos que actúan sobre la mucosa gástrica. El D-002, mezcla de seis alcoholes alifáticos primarios superiores purificada de la cera de abejas, produce efectos gastroprotectores mediados por múltiples mecanismos y reducción de la peroxidación lipídica en la mucosa gástrica. Objetivo: determinar si el D-002 es capaz de capturar el radical hidroxilo añadido in vitro o generado in vivo en ratas con úlcera gástrica inducida por indometacina. Métodos: En la experiencia in vitro el D-002 se añadió a concentraciones entre 0,9 y 1 000 mg/mL. En la experiencia in vivo las ratas se distribuyeron en seis grupos: un control negativo y cinco que recibieron indometacina: un control positivo tratado con el vehículo, tres con D-002 (5, 25, y 100 mg/kg, respectivamente, p.o.) y otro con omeprazol (20 mg/kg i.p.). Los tratamientos se administraron una hora (vehículo y D-002) o 30 min (omeprazol), respectivamente, antes de inducir las úlceras. En ambas experiencias se tomaron alícuotas de mucosa gástrica, y se determinó el daño a la 2-desoxirribosa por el radical hidroxilo. Resultados: la administración oral del D-002, no in vitro, protegió a la 2-desoxirribosa del daño oxidativo de modo marcado, significativo y dependiente de la dosis con respecto al control positivo. Conclusiones: los resultados indican que la capacidad del D-002 (25 y 100 mg/kg) administrado por vía oral para secuestrar el radical hidroxilo, generado en la mucosa gástrica por la indometacina, pudiera contribuir a sus efectos antioxidantes y gastroprotectores sobre el daño que los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos producen sobre la mucosa gástrica.

Introduction: the etiology of the gastric ulceration is associated to the imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors acting upon the gastric mucosa. D-002, a mixture of 6 higher primary alcohols purified from the beeswax, cause some multiple mechanism-mediated gastroprotective effects and decrease of lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa. Objective: to determine whether D-002 can scavenge the in vivo added or in vivo generated hydroxyl radical in rats with indometacin-induced gastric ulcer or not. Methods: For the in vitro experiment, D-002 was added at concentrations 0.9 and 1 000 mg/mL For the in vivo experiment, the rats were randomized into 6 groups: one negative control, and five indometacin-treated groups as follows a positive excipient-treated control, three under D-002 treatment (5, 25 or 100 mg/kg, respectively, p.o.), and another group treated with Omeprazole (20 mg/kg i.p.). These lines of treatment were given 1 hour (excipient and D-002) or 30 min (Omeprazole) prior to inducing the ulcers. In both experiments, aliquots from the gastric mucosa were taken and the damage infringed to 2-deoxiribose by the hydroxyl radical was determined. Results: oral administration of D-002, rather than in vitro addition, significantly protected 2-desoxiribose from the oxidative damage depending on the dosage as compared to the positive control. Conclusions: these results indicate that the ability of the orally administered D-002 (25 and 100 mg/kg) to scavenge the hydroxyl radical endogenously generated on the gastric mucosa by indometacin could contribute to its antioxidant and gastroprotective effects against the damage that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs carry to the gastric mucosa.

Disección submucosa y mucosectomía en el tratamiento de las neoplasias intraepiteliales y del cáncer gástrico temprano / Endoscopic submucosal dissection and mucosectomy for the treatment of the epithelial neoplasia and early gastric cancer

Introducción: La resección endoscópica llamada mucosectomía y la disección submucosa del cáncer gástrico temprano, han permitido en el Japón, el tratamiento de variedades de cáncer con preservación del órgano y con intención curativa, específicamente para aquellos pacientes que tienen posibilidad nula o remota de compromiso con metástasis ganglionar. Objetivos: Determinar en nuestro medio la efectividad de la mucosectomía para el tratamiento del cáncer gástrico temprano y evaluar la extensión de la indicación para las neoplasias intraepiteliales de alto y bajo grado (adenomas/displasias de alto y bajo grado), así como la pertinencia de su indicación para las lesiones tipo 0, sin neoplasia epitelial. Valorar la utilidad y factibilidad de la disección submucosa con el needle knife. Material y Métodos: El presente estudio es de tipo prospectivo, observacional (no experimental), analítico y de corte longitudinal. Se realizó en 96 pacientes incidentes con diagnóstico de lesiones gástricas tipo 0 elevadas, planas y deprimidas que fueron atendidos en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), desde enero de 1996 hasta octubre de 2008. Se utilizó la clasificación modificada de Viena para las neoplasias epiteliales gastrointestinales dentro de la evaluación y manejo de las lesiones tipo 0. Se utilizó la clasificación proveída por el Comité de Endoscopía Quirúrgica de la Sociedad Japonesa para la investigación del Cáncer Gástrico para definir la indicación de la resección endoscópica de la mucosa como tratamiento radical del Cáncer Gástrico Temprano. Las lesiones fueron resecadas con el asa simple de polipectomía, la utilización del cap de Olympus y el needle knife para la disección submucosa. La combinación empleada para lograr el habón en la submucosa fue de solución salina y adrenalina o de solución salina y agua destilada. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPPS-12 para la obtención de los ...

Introduction: In Japan, endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer are accepted as a treatment options for cases of early gastric cancer where the probability of lymph node metastasis is nil or low. Objectives: To establish the effectiveness of mucosectomy for the treatment of earlygastric cancer and evaluate the extended indications for dysplasia lesions, also, we want to determine if the mucosectomy is relevant for lesions negative for neoplasia at the National Institute for Neoplastic Diseases (INEN), Lima, Peru. We call for estimating the utility and factibility of the endoscopic submucosa dissection with the needle knife. Materials and Methods: The study is an observational, prospective, analytical and cross longitudinal. The study was performed in 96 patients with Type 0 Neoplastic lesions at INEN from 1996 to 2008. The revised Vienna classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia was utilized. The indication for endoscopic mucosal resection as a radical treatment of early gastric cancer is according to the treatment guidelines for gastriccancer in Japan. The lesions were resected with a simple endoscopic snare, with the Olympus cap for some depressed lesions and the needle knife during the submucosal dissection. Lifting of the lesion with submucosal injection was done with saline solution with epinephrine or saline with distillate water. The statistical analysis included the SPPS-12 programme. Results: 96 patients were treated by mucosectomy and endoscopic submucosal dissectionfrom 1996 to 2008. The sample represents patients with a mean age over 50 years old and predominance of female. 55 patients belongs to category 1 of revised Vienna Classification, 9 patients are in the category 3, 31 patients are suitable in category 4 (20 with high grade adenoma/dysplasia and 11 with intramucosal carcinoma) and just 1 patient for the category 5. We resected 305 Type 0 lesions, ...

Atividades antiúlcera e antioxidante de Syzygium jambos(L. ) Alston / Antiulcer and antioxidant activities of Syzygium jambos(L. ) Alston

O jambeiro (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) constitui uma das diversas espécies frutíferas e medicinais pertencentes à família Myrtaceae. O extrato hidroetanólico a 70 ´POR CENTO´ liofilizado de folhas de S. jambos apresentou atividade dose-dependente em modelo de úlcera gástrica induzida por etanol acidificado, sendo que a dose de 400 mg/kg reduziu significativamente a Área Total de Lesão (81,64%) e a Área Relativa de Lesão (65,11%), em comparação ao grupo controle. Nesta dose, o extrato apresentou-se mais eficaz que o fármaco empregado como referência (Iansoprazol 30 mg/kg). No modelo de indução de úlcera gástrica por ácido acético, o extrato (400 mg/kg) não apresentou resultados significativos na cura das lesões. A atividade antioxidante do mesmo extrato e de quatro frações foi avaliada através da medida da capacidade seqüestrante de radicais 1, 1-difenil-2-picrilidrazila. O extrato hidroetanólico a 70% liofilizado apresentou CE `IND.50´ de 5,36 ± 0,06 µg/mL, valor comparável ao do Trolox (CE `IND.50´ = 4,98 ± 0,04 µg/mL), substância antioxidante de referência...

Protective effect of Carica papaya L leaf extract against alcohol induced acute gastric damage and blood oxidative stress in rats / Efecto protectivo del extracto de la hoja de Carica papaya L contra el daño gástrico agudo inducido por alcohol y el estrés oxidativo en ratas

The effects of Carica papaya leaf (CPL) aqueous extract on alcohol induced acute gastric damage and the immediate blood oxidative stress level were studied in rats. The results showed that gastric ulcer index was significantly reduced in rats pretreated with CPL extract as compared with alcohol treated controls. The in vitro studies using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed strong antioxidant nature of CPL extract. Biochemical analysis indicated that the acute alcohol induced damage is reflected in the alterations of blood oxidative indices and CPL extract offered some protection with reduction in plasma lipid peroxidation level and increased erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. Carica papaya leaf may potentially serve as a good therapeutic agent for protection against gastric ulcer and oxidative stress.

Los efectos de; extracto acuoso de la hoja de Carica papaya (CPL) en el daño gástrico agudo inducido por alcohol y el nivel de estrés oxidativo inmediato en la sangre, fueron estudiados en ratas. Los resultados mostraron que el índice de úlcera gástrica se reducía significativamente en ratas pre-tratadas con extracto de CPL, en comparación con los controles tratados con alcohol. Los estudios in vitro mediante el ensayo con 2,2-difenil-1-picrihidrazilo) mostraron la fuerte naturaleza antioxidante de extracto de CPL. El análisis bioquímico indicó que el daño agudo inducido por alcohol se refleja en las alteraciones de los índices oxidativos de la sangre y el extracto de CPL ofreció cierta protección con la reducción del nivel de peroxidación lipídica del plasma y el aumento de la actividad de la glutatión peroxidasa de los eritrocitos. La hoja de la Carica papaya puede servir potencialmente como un buen agente terapéutico para la protección contra la úlcera gástrica y el estrés oxidativo.

Helicobacter pylori y lesiones endoscópicas e histológicas en mucosa gástrica de pacientes de 50 años y más / Helicobacter pylori and the endoscopic and histological lesions in the gastric mucosa of patients aged 50 and over

Mundialmente es aceptado que la infección por Helicobacter pylori se incrementa con la edad y alcanza niveles entre 40 y 60 por ciento en sujetos asintomáticos y 70 por ciento en pacientes sintomáticos mayores de 50 años con enfermedades gastroduodenales. Teniendo en cuenta la relación entre la infección por Helicobacter pylori y las enfermedades gastroduodenales se cifran prevalencias e incidencias en aumento sostenido con la edad (50-70 por ciento en mayores de 50 años) y se considera el significado aumento de la población cubana por encima de esa edad. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo en el Instituto de Gastroenterología, para conocer la frecuencia de este microorganismo, así como la presencia de lesiones en la mucosa gástrica en pacientes de 50 y más años de edad. Se concluyó que el 69,6 por ciento de los pacientes tuvieron resultados positivos al Helicobacter pylori por test de ureasa; de los 132 fragmentos de muestras tomados para biopsias de la mucosa gástrica, el 37,8 por ciento fueron positivas para Helicobacter pylori, de ellas, el 25,7 por ciento se localizó en la región antral. Se realizaron 68 diagnósticos endoscópicos en los pacientes con Helicobacter pylori positivos por test de ureasa; 64,7 por ciento correspondió a gastritis crónica agudizada al nivel antral, seguido en orden de frecuencia por pangastritis, gastritis crónica agudizada al nivel del cuerpo, úlcera gástrica y úlcera duodenal. No se presentó lesión endoscópica de aspecto maligno en ningún paciente. Al estudiar la densidad de colonización de Helicobacter pylori en los 84 diagnósticos histológicos realizados, 69,0 por ciento presentó densidad ligera; 29,9 por ciento, moderada y 1,1 por ciento, severa. Se observó una tendencia hacia la densidad de colonización ligera a medida que progresaba la lesión histológica...

It is accepted all over the world that Helicobacter pylori infection increases with age and reaches levels between 40 and 60 percent in asymptomatic individuals, and of 70 percent in symptomatic patients over 50 with gastroduodenal diseases. Taking into account the relation existing between Helicobacter pylori infection and the gastroduodenal diseases, prevalences and incidences showing a sustained increase with age (50-70 percent in patients over 50) are ciphered, and the significant growth of the Cuban population above this age is considered. A prospective and descriptive study was undertaken at the Institute of Gastroenterology to know the frequency of this microorganism, as well as the presence of lesions in the gastric mucosa in patients aged 50 and over. It was concluded that 69.6 percent of the patients had positive results to Helicobacter pylori in the urease test. Of the 132 fragments of samples taken for biopsies of the gastric mucosa, 37.8 percent yielded positive to Helicobacter pylori, of them, 25.7 percent were located in the antral region. 68 endoscopic diagnoses were made in those patients positive to Helicobacter pylori by urease test, 64.7 percent corresponded to more acute gastritis at the antral level; followed in frequency by pangastritis, more serious chronic gastritis at the body level, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. No endoscopic lesion of malignant aspect was observed. On studying the colonization density of Helicobacter pylori in 84 histological diagnoses made, 69.0 percent presented mild density; 29.9 percent, moderate; and 1.1 percent, severe. It was observed a tendency towards the colonization density as the histological lesion progressed. It was suggested to continue the study with more patients to characterize the behavior of the infection in patients aged 50 and over in order to take preventive measures to eradicate the bacteria and to improve the quality of life.

The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the occurrence of gastric lesions among patients undergoing upper endoscopy in a university hospital in Brazil

BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used in Brazil in spite of the known risks associated with their use, but investigation of their side effects conducted in this country has been far from sufficient. This study investigates the use of NSAIDs among patients undergoing upper endoscopy in the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais and the association of this use with the endoscopic diagnosis of gastric erosions, gastric erosions with hematin pigmentation, and gastric ulcer. METHODS: The cross-sectional methodological approach was used; 533 patients aged 17 or older were interviewed, between June and December, 2000. Data were submitted to bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: More than two thirds of the interviewed population reported the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a period of 1 month before the upper endoscopy. The most used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were acetylsalicylic acid and diclofenac. An association was clearly shown between the use of these drugs and the occurrence of the studied lesions, with the latter attaining significance. There was also a significant association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use for a period greater than 15 days and the occurrence of the gastric lesions, with a higher odds ratio than for the other comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a significant association with the occurrence of the gastric lesions and point to the need of further study of this issue in Brazil.

INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil são bastante evidentes os riscos associados ao uso de medicamentos. No entanto, tal questão não é devidamente privilegiada no campo da investigação científica. O presente estudo se refere ao uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides, fármacos amplamente utilizados no país. O objetivo foi investigar o uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides entre pacientes submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e sua associação com a ocorrência de erosões gástricas, erosões gástricas com pigmento de hematina e úlcera gástrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em que 533 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 17 anos foram entrevistados no período de junho a dezembro de 2000. Os dados foram submetidos às análises bivariada e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Mais de dois terços da população entrevistada relatou o uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides no período de um mês anterior à endoscopia digestiva alta. Os antiinflamatórios mais utilizados foram o ácido acetilsalicílico e o diclofenaco. Evidenciou-se uma associação positiva e significativa entre o uso desses fármacos e a ocorrência das lesões em questão. Ao se avaliar a associação entre o uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides por um período superior a 15 dias e a ocorrência das lesões gástricas, esta foi positiva e significativa, apresentado odds ratio superiores àqueles apresentados para as associações anteriores. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que os antiinflamatórios não-esteróides têm uma associação significativa com a ocorrência de lesões gástricas e apontam para a necessidade de aprofundamento no estudo desta questão no Brasil.

Identificação de Helicobacter sp na mucosa gástrica de saguis (Callithrix sp) com avaliação de alterações histopatológicas e de diferentes métodos de diagnóstico / Identification of Helicobacter sp gastric mucosa of marmosets (Callithrix sp) with evaluation of histopathological changes and different diagnostic methods

A flora microbiana do estômago do ser humano e dos animais tem sido pesquisada com maior intensidade, desde a descoberta das bactérias do gênero Helicobacter e da sua associação com o desenvolvimento de lesões gástricas...A técnica de imuno-histoquímica é eficaz na detecção do Helicobacter sp em saguis. A coloração pela prata pode evidencia microorganismos com forma bacilar ou cocóide, sem identificar o gênero da bactéria presente, possibilitando resultados falso-positivos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os saguis podem ser naturalmente infectados por Helicobacter sp e desenvolver lesões gástricas, o que favorece o desenvolvimento de estudos comparativos em relação à infecção por esse gênero de bactérias no homem.

Pharmacological and safety evaluation studies on cardamom elettaria cardamomum: an important ingredient of gahwa [arabian coffee]

An aqueous suspension of cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum was tested for its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and to protect gastric mucosa against the injuries caused by pylorus ligation, indomethacin and cytodestructive agents [80% ethanol, 0.2 M NaOH and 25% NaCI] in rats. The cardamom suspension at doses [250 and 500 mg/kg] exhibited significant decrease in basal gastric secretions and ulcers induced by Shay rats and indomethacin in rats. The suspension also significantly protected gastric mucosal against necrotizing agents. Histopathological evaluation revealed no significant pathological changes in the stomach of rats after 80% ethanol challenge. The LD[50] of cardamom was found to be 26.0 g/kg in mice. A large margin of safety was observed in animals in acute and chronic toxicity tests. Treatment with cardamom suspension did not induce any significant changes in the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes [PCE] and the ratio of PCE and normochromatic erythrocytes [NCE] at both doses used as compared to control group. In conclusion, cardamom showed a significant antisecretory and antiulcer activities without causing any deleterious effects in acute, prolong administration and genotoxicity in the animals

Investigation of the effect of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins on inflammation and gastrointestinal mucosal injury in rats

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of unfractionated heparin [UFH; 1000-4000 IU/kg] in addition to three already marketed low molecular weight heparin [LMWH] preparations [nadroparin [1500-3000 anti-Xa IU/kg], tinzaparin [1500-3000 anti-Xa IU/kg], enoxaparin [300-600 anti-Xa IU/kg] on acute inflammation and on gastrointestinal mucosal integrity in rats. Acute inflammation was induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan into rat hindpaw. Gastrointestinal mucosal injury was evoked by subcutaneous injection of indomethacin [20 mg/kg]. The results showed that: [1] Different heparin preparations given s.c., 30 mm prior to carrageenan injection exerted variable effects on the carrageenan oedema response. Oedema was not significantly changed after conventional UFH, but decreased after tinzaparin and nadroparin, the lower doses being more effective in reducing inflammation. Oedema was unchanged after enoxaparin at 600 IU/kg, but the lower dose of 300 IU/kg reduced oedema formation by 21.6% 1 h post-carrageenan.; [2] No significant change was noted in the number and severity of gastric mucosal lesions in rats treated with UFH. A significant decrease in number and severity of gastric mucosal lesions was noted in rats treated with the lower doses of either tinzaparin or enoxaparin compared with either the indomethacin control group or with the UFH [2000 IU/kg]-treated group. It is concluded that heparin preparations exert complex effects on acute [carrageenan-induced] inflammation and might have beneficial effects on gastric mucosal lesions caused by Indomethacin

Hemorragia digestiva alta: comportamiento clínico epidemiológico / Upper digestive hemorrhage: clinical and epidemiological behavior

Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo a 144 pacientes con diagnóstico de hemorragia digestiva alta, ingresados en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Militar de Ejército Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "Dr. Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja" de Camagüey, desde enero de 1999 hasta diciembre de 2001 con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento de un grupo de variables relacionadas con la hemorragia digestiva alta, se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, los datos se complementaron mediante un formulario confeccionado al efecto. El sangramiento fue más frecuente en los pacientes de 60 años y más, con predominio del sexo masculino. Las enfermedades asociadas fueron las cardiovasculares y la úlcera duodenal. Predominó el consumo del café como hábito tóxico y la ingestión de salicilatos como medicamentos ulcerógenos. La forma de presentación que prevaleció fue la melena. El mayor número de ingresos se produjo en los meses de frío y los pacientes acudieron con mayor frecuencia al hospital los fines de semanas en el horario de la tarde. En el 64.5 por ciento fue posible el diagnóstico etiológico, siempre mediante endoscopia, la úlcera péptica gastroduodenal fue la causa que predominó, le siguieron en orden de frecuencia las lesiones agudas de la mucosa gastroduodenal. El tratamiento médico fue el más empleado y la técnica quirúrgica más utilizada la ligadura del vaso sangrante y piloroplastia. La mortalidad fue del 5.5 por ciento, la hipovolemia y la insuficiencia hepática constituyeron las principales causas de muerte

Helicobacter pylori: enteropatógeno frecuente del ser humano / Helicobacter pylori: the human being's frequent enteropathogeno

En este artículo se revisan los conceptos recientes en relación a una infección bacteriana cuyo agente causal es Helicobacter Pylori, frecuentemente implicado en cuadros gastrointestinales diversos y responsables directo de la enfermedad úlcero-péptica que además es reconocido como agente carcinógenico tipo I por su asociación con cáncer gastrico. Helicobacter Pylori es un bacilo gram negativo que coloniza la mucosa gástrica de amplia distribución mundial, presentes con una alta frecuencia en pacientes que consultan con sintomatología gastrointestinal, por lo que se analizan aspectos básicos de su fisiología, sus diferentes morfologías que directamente van a repercutir en su patogenicidad y se detallan los mecanismos fisiopatológicos responsables de los diferentes cuadros clínicos, los métodos endoscopicos y de laboratorio específicos para el diagnóstico y los avances más recientes en el tratamiento y profilaxis de la enfermedad

gastric mucosal protective effects of pentoxifylline in the rat

The effects of pentoxifylline [PTX], a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor were examined in rat models of gastric mucosal injury. Gastric mucosal damage was evoked in pylorus-ligated rats by subcutaneous [s.c.] administration of 20 mg/kg indomethacin together with oral administration of 2m 0.15 N HCI, by oral administration of acidified acetylsalicylic acid [200 mg/kg in 2 ml 0.15 N HCI] or by oral administration of l ml of 50% ethanol. The results showed that PTX [36 or 72 mg/kg, i. p.] given prior to indomethacin, acidified acetylsalicylic acid or 50% ethanol prevented the development of gastric mucosal damage by the ulcerogenic agents in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PTX [36 or 72 mg/kg, i. p.] given to pylorus-ligated rats decreased gastric acid secretion. It is concluded that, PTX, when given at doses comparable to those used in man for treatment of circulatory disorders displayed anti-ulcerogenic activity in the rat in vivo

Evaluación del efecto antiulceroso del extracto acuoso y metanólico de las semillas de lupinus mutabilis sweet (tarwi, chocho) en ratas / Evaluation of the antiulcerous effect of the watery extract and metanólico of the seeds of lupinus mutabilis sweet (tarwi, chocho) in rates

En la presente investigación realizada con semilla de lupinus mutabilis sweet se ha podido evaluar el efecto del extracto acuoso y del extracto metanólico sobre las lesiones producidas en la mucosa gástrica de ratas de acuerdo a la técnica de Lee. La indometacina en dosis superiores a 50 mg/Kg de peso produce lesiones lineales, engrosamiento y dilatación del intestino delgado, adhesiones, obstrucción parcial, inflamación granulomatosa transmural aguda y crónica, absceso en las criptas y fibrosis. El extracto acuoso en cocimiento, de lupinus mutabilis sweet fue administrado a la dosis de 2000mg/Kg de peso y el extracto metanólico a una dosis de 400mg/Kg. Se utilizaron cuatro grupos de ratas machos de aproximadamente 250g de peso a las que se les acondicionó en el Bioterio de la Facultad y se les suministró alimento y agua ad libitum. Los animales fueron distribuidos en G1: Control, G2: Ranitidina, G3: Extracto acuoso en conocimiento del lupinus mutabilis sweet y G4: Extracto metanólico de lupinus mutabilis sweet. Las sustancias fueron administradas por vía oral, previo ayuno de 48 horas, media hora antes de la Indometacina. A las cinco horas, los animales fueron sacrificados, realizándose la laparotomía para extraer el estómago y observar las lesiones producidas. Macroscópicamente apreciamos un efecto antiulceroso estadísticamente significativo según la prueba del chi cuadrado, con una probabilidad de p=0.0013 y microscópicamente una probabilidad de p=0.0053. Para el extracto acuoso en cocimiento se obtuvo un efecto antiulceroso igual al 60 por ciento; para la Ranitidina 57 por ciento y en menor proporción para el extracto metanólico (40 por ciento), pudiendo observarse la normalización de la arquitectura de la mucosa y la atenuación de la infiltración de granulocitos...

In the present research, we have evaluated the effect of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet's seed, as watery and methanolic extracts on the gastric mucous of rats, following the Lee's method. Indometacin in doses higher than 50 mg per kg of weight causes lineal lesions, enlarging and dilatation of small intestine; partial obstruction, acute and chronic transmural granulomatous inflamation; abscess in the intestine's crypts and fibrosis. 2000 mg/kg of weight of the watery extract of the Lupinus was administered by mouth and 400 mk/kg of the methanolic extract by the same way. We use four groups of ten male rats each one with 250 g of weight approximately that were previously conditionated in our laboratory supplying food and water ad libitum. The animals were distributed in four groups in aleatory way and they received saline solution, ranitidine, watery extract of Lupinus and methanolic extract of Lupinus respectively. All substances were administered by oral route 30 minutes before to administer Indometacina to the animals that were in fast for 48 hours. Five hours later the animals were sacrificed and submitted to laparotomy in order to observe the macroscopically antiulcerogenic effect that was evident and statistically significant with a value of p= 0,0013; microscopically was p= 0,0053...

Estudo anatômico e morfométrico do retalho peritoneal da artéria epigástrica inferior profunda / Anatomic and morphometric study of the peritonal branch of the deep inferior epigastric artery

As reconstruções de defeitos de mucosa, nas regiões da cabeça e pescoço e região vaginal, assim como as lesões em mão e membros inferiores secun- dárias à ressecção de tumores, traumas e infecções, entre outros, constituem um desafio para o cirurgião plástico. Em 1990, Mixter descreveu a utilização do retalho composto fascioperitoneal, baseado no ramo perfurante peritoneal da artéria epigástrica inferior profunda (AEIP). Este retalho pode ser dissecado junto com o músculo reto abdominal e/ou associado a uma ilha de pele. O peritônio tem grande capacidade de metaplasia escamosa e é resistente à exposição à secreções gástricas e radiação. Foi realizado um estudo anatômico em 17 cadáveres, totalizando 34 regiões anatômicas, com os objetivos de determinar os parâmetros de dissecção deste retalho e o território vascular anatômico do ramo peritoneal da AEIP. Assim mesmo, foi realizado o estudo morfométrico do vaso. O retalho peritoneal da AEIP possui um pedículo vascular constante, de localização anatômica relativamente fixa, com um bom arco de rotação, e pode ser dissecado em dimensões que permitem a cobertura de defeitos de mediano e grande porte.

The reconstruction of mucosal defects in the regions of head and neck, and vaginal region, and secondary hand and lower limb defects after tumor resection, trauma and infections, among others, represent a challenge for the plastic surgeon. In 1990, Mixter described the use of the composed fascioperitoneal flap, based in the peritoneal branch of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA). This flap can be dissected together with the rectus abdominis muscle and/or associate to a skin island. Peritoneum has great capacity of squamous metaplasia and is resistant to gastric secretions and radiation exposure. An anatomical study in 17 cadavers was carried through, totalizing 34 anatomical regions, with the objective to determine the dissection parameters of this flap and the anatomical vascular territory of the DIEA peritoneal branch. A morphometric study of the vessels was also done. The peritoneal branch of the DIEA has one constant vascular pedicle, with relatively permanent anatomical localization, with a good arc of rotation, and can be dissected in dimensions that allow coverage of medium and great size defects.